Minimum Age Working in Malaysia and Employer Responsibilities

Hiring young workers can be a smart move for businesses needing part-time support or entry-level help.

But before onboarding any teenager, employers in Malaysia must first understand what the law says about the minimum working age.

Failing to follow the rules can lead to legal trouble, even if the work seems harmless.

What is the Minimum Age for Employment in Malaysia?

Under Malaysian labour law, the minimum age for employment is regulated by the Children and Young Persons (Employment) Act 1966.

The law defines two main categories:

Children: below 15 years old
Young persons: aged 15 to below 18

Children are only permitted to do light work, and only under strict conditions. According to the law, a child must be at least 13 years old to be hired, and even then, only for light, non-hazardous jobs. However, for full time employment, the minimum age is 15 years old.

Meanwhile, young persons (15–18) may work in certain types of jobs but are still protected under specific regulations, especially regarding working hours and types of work.

Legal Restrictions for Hiring Young Workers

The law places clear limits on how children and young persons can be employed.

These rules exist to protect their safety, education, and development.

For example, children under 15 are not allowed to work more than 6 hours a day.

If they are attending school, the maximum working time drops to 7 hours a day, including time spent at school.

They also cannot work between 8 pm and 7 am, and they must not work for more than 3 hours straight without a break of at least 30 minutes.

For young persons, working hours are limited to 8 hours a day or 7 hours if schooling.

They are not allowed to work between 8 pm and 6 am, except in limited cases like family-run farms or public entertainment, and even then, only with supervision.

In terms of job types, both children and young persons are banned from doing hazardous work.

A 2019 amendment to the law listed jobs that are dangerous, such as handling hazardous chemicals or operating industrial machinery.

However, young persons may take part in vocational or workshop training involving such jobs, but only if directly supervised.

Violating these restrictions can result in fines up to RM50,000, two years' imprisonment, or both. Repeat offenders can face even harsher penalties.

Exceptions and Permitted Work

There are a few exceptions, but they come with tight boundaries.

Children aged 13 and above can help out in family businesses, agriculture, or even entertainment but only with proper licensing and regulation. These jobs must be safe and should not interfere with school commitments.

While these exceptions may seem like opportunities to involve younger people in work, employers must understand that the responsibility to protect them remains.

For any job offered to someone under 18, their well-being and safety should be the top concern.

Penalties for Non-Compliance

Employers who do not comply with child labour laws face severe legal consequences.

As mentioned earlier, anyone hiring underage workers unlawfully can be fined up to RM50,000, jailed for up to 2 years, or both. For repeat offences, the penalty can rise to RM100,000 or 5 years of imprisonment.

This applies to all industries, including retail, agriculture, hospitality, and more.

If your company accidentally hires someone too young or permits hazardous tasks, the law will still hold you responsible.

Relevant Laws and Guidelines

Several laws govern the employment of children and young persons in Malaysia:

Children and Young Persons (Employment) Act 1966 (CAYPEA): The primary legislation covering minimum age, working hours, and prohibited jobs.
Employment Act 1955: Covers general labour rights, including protections for young workers.
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA): Protects the health and safety of all workers, including young persons.
Factories and Machinery Act 1967 and Electricity Supply Act 1990: Both prohibit child labour in high-risk environments.

FAQ

What is the minimum age for part-time work in Malaysia?

A child must be at least 13 years old, and even then, only for light and safe work. No hazardous or full-time positions are allowed.

Can students work after school hours?

Yes, but their total hours must comply with daily limits and rest requirements. School attendance must not be affected.

Do young workers get EPF/SOCSO?

Yes, if they are employed under formal contracts, they must be registered and contributions made as per EPF and SOCSO regulations.

How many hours can a 16-year-old work legally?

They can work up to 7 or 8 hours a day, depending on whether they are still attending school. Breaks and rest days also apply.

Are there special permits needed to hire underage workers?

Yes, especially for jobs in entertainment or other regulated fields. These require proper licensing and supervision.

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